Cisco CCNA And CCNP Practice Questions: Hex Conversions, Static Routes

Cisco CCNA And CCNP Practice Questions: Hex Conversions, Static Routes
by: Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Let’s test your knowledge of important Cisco certification exam topics with these CCNA, CCENT, and CCNP questions!

CCENT and CCNA Certification:

You want to create a static route that will send packets out the ethernet0 interface on your local router if there is no other match for the actual destination in the routing table. What command will create such a route?

Answer: The ip route command is used to create a default static route, such as the one needed here. The syntax:
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ethernet0

CCNA Certification:

Short answer: The binary string 11010101, converted to hex, equals ____________ .

Answer: That string converts to the decimal 213, which converts to the hex value D5, or d5.

CCNP Certification / BSCI Exam:

Short answer: What LSA type is generated by an ABR and describe inter-area links?

Answer: Type 3 LSAs are generated by ABRs and describe inter-area routes.

CCNP Certification / BCMSN Exam:

While visiting a client's network, you notice that VLAN 25 is configured as the native VLAN. No hosts are actually in VLAN 25, though. What kind of network attack does this guard against?

Answer: This is one method of preventing VLAN hopping, specifically a double tagging attack.

CCNP Certification / ONT Exam:

Which of the following QoS models uses PHB?
A. Integrated Services
B. Differentiated Services
C. Distributed Services
D. Best Effort Delivery

Answer: B. Differentiated Services uses Per-Hop Behavior (PHB), rather than create a reserved path in advance of transmission, as Integrated Services does.

CCNP Certification / ISCW Exam:

Identify the true statements.
A. A CLI session is 10 minutes by default.
B. A CLI session is 20 minutes by default.
C. A CLI session has no default length.
D. A CLI session's duration can be changed.
E. A CLI session's duration is fixed in length and cannot be changed.

Answers: A, D. A CLI session is 10 minutes by default and can be changed with the exec-timeout command.

Look for more free Cisco exam practice questions on this same website soon!

About The Author
Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/ ), home of free CCNA and CCNP tutorials, and The Ultimate CCNA and CCNP Study Packages.
For free daily CCNA, CCNP, CCENT, Network+, Security+, and A+ questions, just visit the website and sign up for the daily newsletter!

Cisco CCNA / CCNP Certification Practice Questions: Routers, Switches, Frame Relay

Cisco CCNA / CCNP Certification Practice Questions: Routers, Switches, Frame Relay
by: Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Let’s test your knowledge of the OSI model, frame relay, and other important topics for your Cisco certification exams!

CCENT Certification:

Identify the devices that run at the bottom layer of the OSI model.
A. router
B. switch
C. hub
D. wireless access point
E. repeater

Answers: C, E. Both hubs and repeaters run at Layer 1 of the OSI model, the Physical layer.

CCNA Certification Exam:

Identify the frame relay encapsulation options.
A. Cisco (default)
B. IETF (default)
C. ANSI (default)
D. Cisco
E. IETF
F. ANSI

Answer: A, E. The encapsulation options are cisco and ietf, and cisco is the default.

CCNP Certification / BSCI Exam:

Short answer: What LSA type indicates the location of the ASBR?

Answer: Type 4 LSAs indicate the route to the ASBR.

CCNP Certification / BCMSN Exam:

Which of the following is true of the "collapsed core" design?
A. There is no dedicated core switch.
B. There is no dedicated distribution-layer switch.
C. There is no dedicated access-layer switch.
D. A single switch will handle the tasks of all three of these layers.

Answers: A, B. The term "collapsed core" refers to the middle two layers of the Cisco three-layer switching model - core and distribution - running on the same physical switches.

CCNP Certification / ISCW Exam:

Short answer: What term is given to the network attack that occurs when an intruder gathers information in preparation for a larger attack in the future?

Answer: That is a network reconnaissance attack.

CCNP Certification / ONT Exam:

Short answer: WRED uses one of what two values in order to make a decision on what traffic to drop in case of network congestion?

Answer: WRED can use the DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) or IP Precedence values to make this decision.

About The Author
Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/ ), home of free CCNA and CCNP tutorials, and The Ultimate CCNA and CCNP Study Packages.
For free daily CCNA, CCNP, CCENT, Network+, Security+, and A+ questions, just visit the website and sign up for the daily newsletter!

Cisco CCNA, CCENT, And CCNP Home Lab Study: The DTE/DCE Cable

Cisco CCNA, CCENT, And CCNP Home Lab Study: The DTE/DCE Cable

by: Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

More Cisco CCNA, CCENT, and CCNP candidates than ever before are putting together their own home labs for their certification exam study, and that's a great trend - there's nothing like learning on the real thing!

Part of putting a home lab together is getting the right cables and understanding their usage. In this new Cisco home lab series, we'll take a look at the different cable types and how each fits into your home lab. The first cable type we'll look at is the multi-purpose DTE/DCE cable.

When I say "multi-purpose", I mean that while the cable will always perform the same task, it can be used in several different points in your home lab network. If you're going to have a frame relay switch - and you should get one if at all possible, since having your own frame relay cloud is a tremendous boost to your home lab studies and your exam score - you're going to need a DTE/DCE cable.

You can also use a DTE/DCE cable to directly connect two Cisco router serial interfaces and configure HDLC (the default) or PPP encapsulation over that point-to-point link.

Most of today's DTE/DCE cables have "DTE" clearly stamped on one end of the cable - actually, "DTE" is probably embedded into the connector itself. Naturally, the other end will have "DCE" clearly indicated. It's the DCE end that will connect to your frame relay switch. If you're going to use a direct connection to run PPP or HDLC, it almost doesn't matter which end of the cable is connected to a given router.

Keyword: "almost". You must use the clockrate command on the DCE end of the connection in order to bring the line protocol up.

If you're not sure which end of your DTE/DCE cable is connected to a given serial interface, just use the show controller serial command to get that information. Most of the output of that command isn't comprehensible, but what we need is right on top:

R3#show controller serial 1 HD unit 1, idb = 0x11B4DC, driver structure at 0x121868 buffer size 1524 HD unit 1, V.35 DCE cable

Naturally, if it's the DTE end, you'll see "DTE" there. And if you don't have anything connected to that interface, you'll see "no cable".

Whether you have your own frame relay switch or not, you'll want to pick up some DTE/DCE cables for direct connections between your Cisco home lab router's serial interfaces. Just don't forget to put the clockrate command on the DCE end of the cable! And if you're not familiar with a frame relay switch, check this same website soon for a tutorial that will show you how to set one up.

Just about any Cisco router can serve as a home lab frame relay switch, and once you've got it configured, you're in good shape - but it can be a little maddening to get it up and running in the first place. I'll show you how to avoid that aggravation in the next installment of this Cisco home lab tutorial series!

About The Author
Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/ ), home of free CCNA and CCNP tutorials, and The Ultimate CCNA and CCNP Study Packages.
For free daily CCNA, CCNP, CCENT, Network+, Security+, and A+ questions, just visit the website and sign up for the daily newsletter!

Cisco CCNA, CCENT, CCNP, And CompTIA Questions: HSRP, OSPF Cost, Route Summarization,

Cisco CCNA, CCENT, CCNP, And CompTIA Questions: HSRP, OSPF Cost, Route Summarization,
by: Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Let's test your knowledge of important CCNA, CCENT, CCNP, and Network+ exam topics!
CCNA Certification:

The term used for an OSPF path metric is ____________ .
Extra credit: What formula does OSPF use to calculate that metric?

Answer: OSPF's metric is referred to as cost, and the calculation is 100,000,000 / interface speed in bps.

Cisco CCENT / CompTIA Network+ Question:

Which of the following do TCP and UDP headers have in common?
A. sequence number
B. source port
C. source IP address
D. window
E. destination port
F. destination IP address
G. ACK bit
H. reset bit

Answer: B, E. In addition to the source port and destination port numbers, the UDP and TCP headers also have a checksum field in common.

CCNP Certification / BSCI Exam:

In ISIS, what is the most efficient point of a network at which to perform route summarization?
A. An L1 router.
B. An L2 router.
C. An L1/L2 router.
D. A DIS router.

Answer: C. L1/L2 routers are area boundary routers in ISIS, and this is the most efficient point at which to configure route summarization

CCNP Certification / BCMSN Exam:

Short answer: An HSRP router is the primary router and it has a priority of 100. Another router comes online in the same group and it has a priority of 107. Does the new router become the primary? If so, why? If not, what additional configuration is needed to make it the primary?

Answer. By default, the new router with the higher priority will not become the primary router. To allow a router with a higher priority to take over the role of HSRP primary from an existing and normally functioning primary, the preempt option must be configured on the router with the higher priority.

Let's use a two-router HSRP deployment as an example. R2 is the standby, R3 is the primary ("active"), and both have an HSRP priority of 100. Raising R2's priority to 150 does not automatically make it the primary, as shown below.

R2(config)#interface ethernet0
R2(config-if)#standby 5 priority 150
R2#show standby
Ethernet0 - Group 5
Local state is Standby, priority 150
Hellotime 4 sec, holdtime 12 sec Next hello sent in 0.896
Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10 configured
Active router is 172.12.23.3, priority 100 expires in 8.072
Standby router is local 1 state changes, last state change 00:14:24

R2 now has a higher priority, but R3 is still the active router. R2 will not take over as the HSRP primary until R3 goes down - OR the preempt option is configured on R2.

R2(config-if)#standby 5 priority 150 preempt

1d11h: %STANDBY-6-STATECHANGE: Ethernet0 Group 5 state Standby -> Active

R2#show standby
Ethernet0 - Group 5
Local state is Active, priority 150, may preempt
Hellotime 4 sec, holdtime 12 sec Next hello sent in 1.844
Virtual IP address is 172.12.23.10 configured
Active router is local
Standby router is 172.12.23.3 expires in 10.204
Virtual mac address is 0000.0c07.ac05 2 state changes, last state change 00:00:13
That's enough for today! Look for more free Cisco and CompTIA certification exam questions on this website soon! A+ certification and Microsoft Vista certification practice questions are on the way as well!

About The Author
Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/ ), home of free CCNA and CCNP tutorials, and The Ultimate CCNA and CCNP Study Packages.
For free daily CCNA, CCNP, CCENT, Network+, Security+, and A+ questions, just visit the website and sign up for the daily newsletter!

CCNA, CCENT, Network+, And Security+ Practice Questions: TCP, UDP, Smurf Attacks

CCNA, CCENT, Network+, And Security+ Practice Questions: TCP, UDP, Smurf Attacks
by: Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Let’s test your knowledge of UDP, TCP, smurf attacks, EIGRP, and more with these questions designed to help you prepare for success on your CCENT, CCNA, CCNP, Network+, and Security+ certification exams!

CCENT Certification / Network+ Certification:

Which of the following protocols runs on both UDP and TCP?
A. DHCP
B. SNMP
C. DNS
D. ARP
E. Inverse ARP

Answer: C. DNS runs on port 53, both on TCP and UDP.

Security+ Certification:

Briefly define the term "smurf attack". (Not too briefly, though!)

Answer: Basically, a smurf attack involves sends ICMP Echo packets (pings) with the intended victim's IP address specified as the source of the Echo packets. This transmission takes the form of a directed broadcast, which means that quite a few hosts can receive it - and then respond with ICMP Echo Replies, which will all be sent to the intended victim.

CCNA Exam:

R1 and R3 are directly connected at their respective Serial1 interfaces via a DTE/DCE cable. What command will tell you whether the interface is connected to the DTE or DCE end of the cable?

Answer: Run show controller serial 1 on either router - the DTE / DCE information is near the top of the output.

CCNP Certification / BSCI Exam:

DUAL has discovered four possible paths to a remote network, with the following metrics: PathA, 1500. PathB, 1500. PathC, 2600. PathD, 3100. What command will allow EIGRP to use the first three paths without using the fourth?

Answer: variance 2 would do the job. Any path with a metric of 3000 or lower will be utilized; setting it to 3 would bring PathD into the equation.

CCNP Certification / BCMSN Exam:

What is the main purpose of IEEE 802.3ac?

Answer: The IEEE 802.3ac standard allows the maximum frame length to be extended to 1522 bytes, which means the dot1q 4-byte header doesn't cause problems in transmission.

CCNP Certification / ONT Exam:

Which queueing strategy gives priority to interactive, low-bandwidth communications by default?

Answer: Weighted Fair Queueing (WFQ) gives priority to interactive, low-bandwidth conversations, and then splits the remaining bandwidth fairly among the remaining conversations.

Look for a new set of Cisco and CompTIA certification exam questions soon!

About The Author
Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/ ), home of free CCNA and CCNP tutorials, and The Ultimate CCNA and CCNP Study Packages.
For a copy of his FREE "How To Pass The CCNA" or "CCNP" ebook, visit the website and download copies! Our new RSS feed gives you free Cisco questions and tutorials daily!